The key technology for current deep shale gas development is horizontal well volume fracturing. Sonar remote fracturing monitoring technology has became an essential means to understand reservoirs and evaluate the effect of fracturing treatments. This paper elaborates on the basic principles and technical advantages of sonar remote fracturing monitoring technology, introduces its application and transformation effects in the monitoring of volume fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal wells, and quantitatively evaluates the formation of complex fracture networks, fracture geometry, and diversion capacity during the fracturing process. The monitoring of Well Zi X1 yielded the following results: (1) an average half-fracture length of 196.7 m, fracture height of 44.6 m, and equivalent fracture width of 1.25 cm. (2) An average Near-Field Connectivity Index (NFCI value) of 70.0. The NFCI value quantitatively characterizes the size of the complex connectivity of fractures. The larger the NFCI value, the more complex the fracture network. This reveals the formation of a complex fracture network and the influence of both geological and engineering factors on NFCI. NFCI is positively correlated with brittle mineral content, Young's modulus, treatment scale, and net pressure and negatively correlated with clay mineral content. (3) An average Far-Field Conductivity Index (FFCI value) of 10.4. The FFCI value represents the overall conductivity of the fracture and is a dimensionless conductivity index. The smaller the FFCI value, the more limited the flow capacity of fluids in artificial fractures will be. The larger the FFCI value, the more the ratio of the fracture's flow capacity to the formation's liquid supply capacity increases. A higher proppant concentration corresponds to a higher FFCI value, indicating the achievement of a relatively good gas supply channel at the far end. (4) Fracture monitoring at different stages of the same fracturing interval demonstrates that fluid properties and treatment scale significantly affect the complex connectivity index. The use of sonar remote fracturing monitoring technology not only assesses the effect of fracturing treatments but also helps to understand the relationship between fracturing parameters and production. This effectively guides unconventional reservoir fracturing treatment schemes and designs, which has significant implications for broader applications.

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Application of Sonar Remote Fracturing Monitoring Technology in Evaluating Fracturing Effects of Deep Shale Gas

  • Gao-liang Xuan,
  • Guang-yu Liu,
  • Xue-meng Yu,
  • Yan-ling Wang,
  • Guang-min Li,
  • Ge Song,
  • Jing Leng

摘要

The key technology for current deep shale gas development is horizontal well volume fracturing. Sonar remote fracturing monitoring technology has became an essential means to understand reservoirs and evaluate the effect of fracturing treatments. This paper elaborates on the basic principles and technical advantages of sonar remote fracturing monitoring technology, introduces its application and transformation effects in the monitoring of volume fracturing in deep shale gas horizontal wells, and quantitatively evaluates the formation of complex fracture networks, fracture geometry, and diversion capacity during the fracturing process. The monitoring of Well Zi X1 yielded the following results: (1) an average half-fracture length of 196.7 m, fracture height of 44.6 m, and equivalent fracture width of 1.25 cm. (2) An average Near-Field Connectivity Index (NFCI value) of 70.0. The NFCI value quantitatively characterizes the size of the complex connectivity of fractures. The larger the NFCI value, the more complex the fracture network. This reveals the formation of a complex fracture network and the influence of both geological and engineering factors on NFCI. NFCI is positively correlated with brittle mineral content, Young's modulus, treatment scale, and net pressure and negatively correlated with clay mineral content. (3) An average Far-Field Conductivity Index (FFCI value) of 10.4. The FFCI value represents the overall conductivity of the fracture and is a dimensionless conductivity index. The smaller the FFCI value, the more limited the flow capacity of fluids in artificial fractures will be. The larger the FFCI value, the more the ratio of the fracture's flow capacity to the formation's liquid supply capacity increases. A higher proppant concentration corresponds to a higher FFCI value, indicating the achievement of a relatively good gas supply channel at the far end. (4) Fracture monitoring at different stages of the same fracturing interval demonstrates that fluid properties and treatment scale significantly affect the complex connectivity index. The use of sonar remote fracturing monitoring technology not only assesses the effect of fracturing treatments but also helps to understand the relationship between fracturing parameters and production. This effectively guides unconventional reservoir fracturing treatment schemes and designs, which has significant implications for broader applications.