Decoding information related to language cognition from Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals can reveal learners’ genuine responses to knowledge. Existing language learning research using EEG experimental paradigms often focuses on abstract stimuli, which undermines the accuracy of reflecting real experiences in the actual learning process. This study presents a more natural EEG experimental paradigm for second language(L2) learners, recording EEG signals in video-based language learning scenarios. Data analysis from 12 participants confirms the paradigm’s validity, allowing us to establish a mapping model between EEG signals and learners’ states of language acquisition, achieving an accuracy of 0.95. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of decoding cognitive states from real-world scenarios, highlighting the proposed paradigm’s significant research potential in second language learning and offering insights into the brain’s linguistic cognitive processes.