Premacular Fibrosis, Taut Posterior Hyaloid, and Epiretinal Membrane: General Consideration

Premacular membranes with or without connections to the posterior hyaloid (PH) are very common in eyes with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) or proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). They may cause various macular structural changes, depending on the adhesion pattern and the traction force (Raymond, Ophthalmology 102:406–411, 1995; Carpineto et al., Retina 39:1061–1065, 2019, Tsui et al., Sci Rep 11:23839, 2021; Hsia et al., J Ophthalmol 2022:3156642, 2022; Pendergast et al., Am J Ophthalmol 130:178–186, 2000). The manifestations and optimal surgical approach have not been well investigated. Important features and treatment strategies are briefly discussed in this chapter.