This chapter introduces the concept of S-curve, which represents each stage of technological and economic development. The S-curve concept is first discussed with implications to both business leaders and policymakers, then the four stages of S-curve are explained in relation to the key industries within each stage. These key industries have evolved from agriculture, light industries, heavy industries, and digital ventures. In addition, linkages between the digital industry that emerged during the fourth industrial revolution and other S-curves are discussed. The aim is to let business leaders from all generations be aware of and exploit technology from the upcoming industrial revolution. Finally, the chapter provides public policy implications for fostering industries toward the new S-curve.