A large number of technological prototypes cannot be commercialized due to constraints at the production stage. In view of this, this chapter aims to address the key differences between research and development (R&D) and the production stage. Conceptually speaking, there are differences in terms of input, process, and output that differentiate small-scale prototyping and mass production. Emerging forces shaping the future of production are critical issues in the supply chain, global production network, and industry standards. Leaders of technology ventures need to apply these concepts when crafting production strategy in order to progress to the commercialization stage.