Constructed wetlands (CW) have gained significant recognition as an eco-friendly and cost-effective approach for wastewater treatment. However, despite their efficacy in mitigating various pollutants, CW often faces challenges in meeting stringent effluent standards, particularly for nutrients. This often limits their potential for treated water reuse. To address this constraint, an innovative approach involves the integration of microbial fuel cells (MFC) with constructed wetlands, which enhances the nutrient removal capabilities. The integrated CW-MFC can foster the resilience of CW under variable influent loads and reduce its carbon footprint. Specifically, CW-MFC provides a platform for electrogenic microbes to catalyse electrochemical reactions, promoting microbial metabolic activities, improving oxygen distribution, and thus facilitating the reduction and immobilization of nutrients. However, the efficiency of this integrated system is intricately linked to various design, operational, and environmental factors. This necessitates careful consideration and optimization of these factors to enhance the performance of CW-MFC for nutrient removal from wastewater. This book chapter explores the potential of integrating MFC with CW to enhance nutrient removal from wastewater, focussing on elucidating underlying removal mechanisms. Further, a critical examination of the various factors influencing nutrient removal such as flow configurations, electrode materials and arrangements, filter media, plant species, operating conditions, etc. was conducted. Understanding these interactions allows practitioner and implementors to optimize CW-MFC design and operation for sustainable wastewater management. Thus, the chapter highlights the crucial role of various factors in influencing nutrient removal efficiency within CW-MFC systems, offering a comprehensive framework for advancing research and practical applications towards sustainable wastewater management. This book chapter reviewed the potential of integrating MFC with CW to augment nutrient removal from wastewater, with a particular focus on understanding its underlying mechanisms. Thus, a comprehensive understanding can be developed for optimizing the design and operation of CW-MFC for sustainable wastewater management.