Loading the active component on a carbon-based carrier can regulate and improve the catalytic performance, but there is still a lot of room for improvement in the design and research of the methods and properties of loaded carbon-based catalytic materials. In this study, a systematic approach was adopted. Firstly, carbon nanotubes were selected as the carrier of carbon-based carrier materials, and the active components were loaded on the carrier by a suitable loading method. Subsequently, through appropriate surface modification and structural regulation, the uniform distribution of the active components on the carrier and a high degree of catalytic activity are realized. After a detailed catalytic performance study, it was found that the product conversion rate of carbon nanotubes was between 74% and 85% after the catalytic reaction was completed. The supported carbon-based catalytic materials show excellent catalytic activity, selectivity and stability in the catalytic reaction, which is due to the high controllability of carbon-based support and the interaction between active components and support.