This chapter focuses on the thermochemical gasification of lignocellulosic waste. Lignocellulosic materials are considered renewable and eco-friendly; lignocellulosic waste is produced from various human activities such as agriculture, forestry, and municipal operations. Moreover, most food and food processing industries produce lignocellulosic waste. Lignocellulosic waste can be transformed into high-value products such as syngas through gasification processes. The introduction of lignocellulosic waste in the current economy leads to the establishment of a circular economy and obeys the green chemistry principles; all these aspects are very important in the present world scenario. Syngas obtained by this pathway is considered a source of renewable hydrogen; moreover, syngas can also be converted into higher hydrocarbons (HCs) by the Fischer–Tropsch (FT) processes (e.g., gasoline and diesel), as well as into other chemicals such as dimethyl ether (DME), higher alcohols, and ammonia. The upstream and downstream processes involved in the production of syngas from lignocellulosic waste are described in this chapter, highlighting their principal challenges for viable commercial applications.