Achieving the internationally agreed-upon UN 2015 Sustainable Development Goals while also bettering the quality of life for women requires, first and foremost, investing in women as human beings and individuals by strengthening their social, economic, political, educational, mental, emotional, and legal capacities. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has stated, “Not until the half of our population represented by women and girls can live free from fear, violence, and everyday insecurity can we truly say we live in a fair and equal world.” The chapter traces down the ancient Indian philosophy of eulogizing women as the creations of God, who were kept on a high pedestal and worshipped, to the advancements made by women in all spheres during those times. It is followed by an overview of modern Indian women whose position in contemporary India is paradoxical despite many achievements to their credit. This chapter also examines the strategies for achieving an equal future for women in modern India through STEM streams and how equality, diversity, and inclusion may serve as catalysts for advancing women’s empowerment and removing obstacles hindering their professional and personal development.