The surface of the L block in central Sichuan Basin is relatively flat, the underground structure is simple, and multiple formations are gas-bearing, making it a very suitable experimental area for conducting research on multi-component seismic technology. Through continuous research on multi-wave processing technology, high-quality multi-wave seismic data have been obtained. The Vp/Vs in the study area is relatively stable in the lateral direction. Based on the principle of similar reflection characteristics of the main lithological interfaces, fine horizon interpretation is carried out to achieve matching of PP-wave and PS-wave, providing data base for multi-wave joint interpretation. On this basis, rock physics analysis, multi-wave forward modeling, multi-wave inversion, and comparative analysis of actual multi-wave data were conducted. Good application effects have been achieved in lithology identification, reservoir prediction, and gas detection of multiple sets of carbonate formations. In the Longwangmiao (LWM) Formation, the PS-wave is weakly affected by the gas reservoir, and the top boundary of the LWM Formation (with gas) is more clear and easier to track on the PS-wave than on the PP-wave. The Vs obtained from multi-wave joint inversion is superior to that obtained from single PP-wave inversion in terms of stability and accuracy, and the gas prediction effect based on Vp/Vs in the LWM Formation is significantly better than that from PP-wave inversion, and the prediction result is consistent with actual drilling. In the Qixia (QX) Formation, the amplitude ratio of PP-wave and PS-wave is conducive to characterizing the distribution of gas, which is consistent with the actual drilling characteristics and improves the recognition ability of gas reservoirs. In the Maokou (MK) Formation, taking advantage of the sensitivity of shear waves to lithology, the maximum amplitude attribute of PS-wave is optimized, which more accurately characterizes the distribution of thin dolomite and sedimentary microfacies compared to the amplitude attribute of PP-wave. The actual application results indicate that multi-wave exploration technology has good application prospects and promotion potential in the exploration of deep carbonate formations in the central Sichuan Basin.