The deep Devonian in the eastern margin of the Pre-Caspian Basin is characterized by mixed accumulation of marine carbonate rocks and clastic rocks, and is rich in oil and gas resources. Based on a large number of geological and geophysical data, the formation and evolution of the eastern margin of the Pre-Caspian Basin and the sedimentary background of the Devonian were analyzed. Influenced by the differences in paleogeomorphology, two major carbonate platforms, Zhaerkames and Tiemir, were developed in the ancient depression of the eastern margin of the basin. The differential distribution of lithofacies paleogeography controls the formation and distribution of Devonian source rocks, reservoirs and oil and gas reservoirs. The Middle Devonian and Upper Devonian are two sets of main source rocks in the eastern margin of the basin. Due to the differential evolution of the structural characteristics, sedimentary system and oil and gas system of the Devonian, the oil and gas accumulation models of the two carbonate platforms in the north and south are formed. Among them, the Devonian shallow-water carbonate reef-bank body in the southern Zhaerkames platform is superimposed with the traps in the high part of the current uplift structure, and laterally docked with the high-quality source rocks of the deep-sea facies in the depression area, forming large-scale lithologic-structural reservoirs with self-generation, self-storage, side-generation and side-by-side self-storage. The overlying mudstone caprock conditions are superior and the reservoir preservation conditions are good. The northern Tiemir is an isolated carbonate platform. The Carboniferous and Devonian reefs and shoals are inherited and developed. They were uplifted and denuded at the end of the Carboniferous. Therefore, the Tiemir platform has multi-stage accumulation characteristics. Among them, the initial accumulation of the Devonian was destroyed during the uplift and denudation process. In the subsequent deep burial period, multi-source oil and gas were refilled to form late adjustment accumulation, and late condensate oil and gas reservoirs coexisted with early residual asphalt. The analysis shows that the Devonian source rock conditions are superior, the carbonate reef-bank reservoirs are widely distributed, the reservoir physical properties are medium-good, and have the characteristics of multi-stage hydrocarbon supply and continuous accumulation.