This chapter first reviews the history and periodical characteristics of the governance system of an aged society and then goes into an in-depth analysis of the system’s condition and challenges; then summarizes theories and new methods for governing the aged society, explains China’s future layout for its ageing work mechanism after a review of the evolution of ageing work mechanism at home; and lastly proposes the main principles and plans for governing an aged society and a policy framework that focuses on improving governance capacity in China’s new ageing conditions.