Fog computing is a distributed computing architecture that extends cloud-based resources and services to the periphery of the network, enabling closer proximity to end devices and reducing latency. This marks a paradigm shift in computing and data processing, bringing computational power closer to where data is generated and consumed, rather than relying solely on distant data centers. In this promising domain of fog computing, where data processing is distributed across edge devices, secure communication is the prime concern. In the realm of secure fog communication, the SE-ECC framework presents a novel approach by integrating symmetric encryption with elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) key exchange mechanisms. This paper introduces SE-ECC, emphasizing its dual focus on security and efficiency. The framework's design ensures the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of transmitted data and addresses the computational overhead typically associated with public key encryption schemes. The proposed technique has undergone rigorous testing through various investigations, including NPCR [99.349%], UACI [33.079%], and avalanche effect [89%]. Our examination of these results has unveiled the favorable impacts of our data encryption system, demonstrating its ability to achieve robust outcomes while effectively countering diverse attacks. A comparative analysis with alternative techniques reveals that our proposed method achieves enhanced security while upholding a higher quality benchmark.