This chapter discusses BlockchainBlockchain and recent ML techniques, namely, Federated LearningFederated Learning (FL), Neural ArchitectureArchitecture Search, and many more. Also, an extensive discussion of advanced optimization techniques focusing mainly onEvolutionary algorithms (EA) evolutionary algorithmsAlgorithms is made. Some more thrust researchResearch topics, such as Artificial Intelligence tools, the Internet of ThingsInternet of Things (IoT), Big Data, and Decision Support SystemsDecision Support Systems (DSS), are also described in detail. Taguchi’sTaguchi design of experiments (which works on the orthogonal array)Orthogonal array, dataData augmentation (meant for supplementary data), and cross-validationCross-Validation (used to improve the training process) are also part of this chapter. Tailor-made references were provided for each algorithm, which undoubtedly helps the reader. In a nutshell, the reader is expected to benefit from the basket of algorithmsAlgorithms that are provided here.