The government plays a leading role in the development of China’s market economy, particularly in the provision of public goods. As the primary supplier, the government makes investment decisions and allocates resources according to specific objectives, principles, and regulations. This process ultimately shapes public policies, which serve as the primary frameworks guiding the government’s provision of public goods. Therefore, public policies function not only as a special kind of public good but also as a strategic tool for mobilizing public resources and regulating the supply of public goods.