The level and structure of urban public goods provision are influenced by investment scale and direction, which are determined by economic development goals and strategies. Variations in national economic systems and mechanisms lead to differences in entities and methods involved in public good investment. This chapter summarizes the evolution of China’s public goods investment system, analyzes the structure of urban public goods financing in China, and focuses on studying the government fiscal investment mechanism, market financing mechanism, and multi-stakeholder cooperative financing mechanism for public goods. It also outlines trends and models of various financing mechanisms, reveals existing problems through empirical analysis, and proposes corresponding solutions.