Jaroslav Heyrovsky, the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1959, invented voltammetry, which is regarded as a forerunner to polarography, a technique that has significantly advanced electrochemical analysis. The purpose of this brief study is to highlight some of the most significant advancements in voltammetry to date. An important section is written to help strengthen the communication between theoretical and experimental electrochemists, while also providing suggestions to some of the most important theoretical papers connected to various electrode processes in cyclic voltammetric and pulse voltammetric techniques. Since the construction of biosensors is one area where voltammetry is primarily used, this chapter discusses some significant successes and a number of disadvantages of using voltammetric techniques in sensor design. This chapter also includes a brief discussion on the function of nanomaterials in voltammetry. The incorporation of biological elements into electrical devices has given rise to a new field of study. Advances in pathogen identification have been made possible by recent developments in biosensing technologies. Nowadays, a broad spectrum of biomarkers (enzymes, peptides, deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA], microbes, etc.) may identify different target analytes, ranging from minor metabolic alterations to dangerous illnesses brought on by pathogens. Traditional methods have been immediately superseded by improved sensor sensitivity, selectivity, and reaction time. Therapy needs have been satisfied by simplicity of handling, low production costs, and compactness. One of telemedicine’s strongest points in public health is biosensing technologies. Furthermore, this chapter highlights electrochemical methods for detecting pathogens and current developments in biosensing technologies.