Biosensors have revolutionized the field of analytical chemistry by providing sensitive, selective, and real-time detection of various analytes. Among these analytes, electroactive molecules hold particular significance due to their diverse roles in biological, environmental, and industrial processes. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of voltammetric biosensors tailored for the detection of electroactive molecules, focusing on recent advancements, key technologies, and emerging trends. It begins by elucidating the fundamental principles underlying voltammetric biosensor design, types, and operation, emphasizing the importance of transduction mechanisms, recognition elements, and signal amplification strategies. It then delves into the classification of electroactive molecules, encompassing neurotransmitters, redox-active species, and electroactive pharmaceuticals, among others, and their significance in different application domains. In addition, it critically examines various voltammetric biosensor platforms used for detecting electroactive molecules. This includes the development of multiplexed sensing platforms, the exploration of novel recognition elements, and the translation of laboratory-based prototypes into practical applications for healthcare, environmental monitoring, and industrial process control.