This chapter delves into the significant advancements brought by integrating nanomaterials into voltammetric sensors, emphasizing their transformative impact on food safety, quality control, and public health. The unique properties of nanomaterials, such as high surface area and electrical conductivity, enhance sensor performance by increasing sensitivity, selectivity, and lowering detection limits. These improvements facilitate the accurate and rapid detection of active biomolecules in food, leading to better assessment and management of food products. The chapter addresses current challenges, including sensor reproducibility, stability, and production costs, while also exploring future research directions. These include the development of novel nanomaterials, the miniaturization and integration of sensors into portable devices, and the potential for real-time, in situ applications. The chapter highlights the broader implications of these technologies, particularly in personalized nutrition and the prevention of diet-related diseases, showcasing their vital role in promoting a healthier and safer global food supply.