Since IBMIBM introduced the concept of a “smart Earth” in 2008, smart cities have progressively emerged as a global priority. The United States has supported the development of smart grids and intelligent transportation systems through governmental funding; European nations such as the United Kingdom and the Netherlands have focused on constructing sustainable and intelligent urban environments; while in Asia, countries like South Korea, Japan, and Singapore have initiated their respective smart city initiatives. With the rapid pace of urbanization in China, smart cities have been recognized as an innovative model to enhance urban governanceGovernance. Since 2012, China has embarked on pilot projects and promoted smart city construction. Major cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen have achieved significant progress in areas like intelligent transportation and smart healthcare. However, challenges remain, including inadequate data sharing and suboptimal interdepartmental collaboration.