The connection between global food security and bioenergy production presents complex, multifaceted challenges that require careful consideration and sustainable solutions. As the world population continues to grow, food and renewable energy demand increases, placing significant pressure on agricultural systems and natural resources. Bioenergy production, while holding promise for mitigating fossil fuel dependence and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, competes with arable land and resources crucial for food production. This chapter ultimately examines the relationship between global food security and bioenergy production, considering the challenges posed by population growth, climate change, and socio-economic inequalities. The study investigates various dimensions of food security covering availability, access, utilization, and stability while introducing bioenergy as a renewable energy source derived from biological materials. The findings carefully address sustainability concerns associated with bioenergy, such as land use changes, greenhouse gas emissions, and resource constraints. To address these challenges, the chapter proposes mitigation strategies, including integrated approaches like agroforestry and multi-use cropping systems, alongside technological innovations aimed at optimizing bioenergy yields while minimizing adverse impacts. The role of policy interventions and international agreements in shaping this landscape is also discussed. Eventually, the chapter emphasizes the need for a balanced approach that harmonizes global food security with bioenergy production, advocating for proactive research, policy development, and collaborative efforts. Achieving this equilibrium is deemed essential for a sustainable future that ensures positive contributions from bioenergy while preserving access to vital food resources.