Background: Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) signifies that the infants have acquired only breast milk from their mothers or expressed milk and no liquids or solids, excluding syrups such as mineral supplements, vitamins, or medications. The Ministry of Health statistical report registered that 92.1% of Omani mothers began EBF at birth but reduced significantly when the baby completed 6 months after birth to 10.2%. This drop indicates the necessity of examining Omani mothers’ experience of EBF. Aim: This study aimed to investigate Omani mothers’ experiences of EBF. Methodology and Methods: The study utilized a qualitative design (exploratory) using grounded theory approaches. The study included 11 postnatal women, 5 relatives of the mothers who participated, and 7 healthcare experts. Purposive and theoretical sampling was utilized, and 69 interviews (semi-structured) and 15 non-participant observations were conducted. A constant comparative analysis was performed. Findings: The theory “Resilience: The Power to Breastfeed” was developed, which indicates that the ability of Omani mothers to breastfeed capacity relies on their resilience. Discussion and Conclusion: The results revealed that mothers’ capacity to breastfeed relies on their ability to adjust to challenges while breastfeeding. This study benefits in comprehending the social processes concerned with EBF. The results could inform plans or educational programs for enhancing the rate of breastfeeding in Oman, empowering healthcare professionals, researchers, policymakers, and educators involved in maternal and child health in Oman to take action based on these findings.