In this paper, the delay estimation algorithm based on generalized cross-correlation function (GCC) and its weighted GCC-PHAT algorithm are derived in detail, and the Kalman filter algorithm is introduced, and based on which the combination of GCC-PHAT and Kalman filter algorithms is applied in two-dimensional localization of moving sound source targets based on microphone arrays, and the simulations are carried out to simulate the sound source localization with different signal-to-noise ratios by comparing the different algorithms. By comparing these different algorithms, the sound source localization under different signal-to-noise ratios is simulated, and the localization error is analyzed, and it is found that the combination of the GCC-PHAT algorithm and the Kalman filter algorithm makes the performance still good and the localization accuracy high under lower signal-to-noise ratios, and the simulation method provides a good theoretical basis for the practical engineering.