π-Conjugated conducting polymers represent an exciting new frontier in the realm of bioelectronics. These materials have the capability to bridge the gap between electronic communication in semiconductor-based devices and ionic charge transfer emblematic of biology. In contrast to their inorganic counterparts, carbon-based semiconductors have several distinct advantages, including the ease of processing, flexibility, solubility, and low fabrication cost. The following chapter aims to provide an impetus for the use of these materials in the design and fabrication of bioelectronic devices as well as a survey of several key players in this space. Among the polymers discussed are those composed of pyrrole, aniline, and ethylenedioxythiophene derivatives. Additionally, an overview of oligo(ethylene glycol)-functionalized polymers, n-type conducting polymers, and supramolecular assemblies will be provided. Within these discussions, several strategies for the functionalization of each of these materials with biologically relevant moieties will also be highlighted.