Conjugated polymers (CPs) have evolved into an enormous research field and have potential applications in a wide range of disciplines. Origin of the attractive properties of CPs lies in the extended conjugation and electronic delocalization along the polymer main chains through sp2 and/or sp hybridized carbon atoms. Incorporation of heteroatoms, especially those from main groups, can effectively adjust CP main-chain electronic structures and add additional features specific to these atoms. In this account, recent advances in the field of main-group elements containing CPs will be discussed. The focus will be given to group 13 element boron, group 14 elements silicon, germanium, and tin, and group 15 elements nitrogen, phosphorous, and arsenic. The author intends not to give a comprehensive review on the subject matter, but to cherry pick a few representative examples within the past few years that the author deems significant in pushing the boundaries of this field forward.