In order to explore the ecological vulnerability of Helan Mountain in the context of the ecological protection project, this paper, based on the SRP model, selects 15 evaluation indicators to construct an ecological vulnerability evaluation system for the Helan Mountain, and utilizes the fuzzy hierarchical analysis method to reveal the ecological vulnerability of the study area in 2021 from the distribution of spatial characteristics, different land types, and the relationship between key ecological restoration areas and vulnerability in three dimensions. The results showed that (1) the overall spatial distribution of ecological vulnerability in the study area is dominated by slight and mild vulnerability in the southwest and severe vulnerability in the northeast, and the hinterland of the more developed cities is dominated by moderate and severe vulnerability due to the impacts of industrialization and urbanization as well as the population density at the county scale. (2) Ecological vulnerability is significantly affected by the type of land use, with the lowest vulnerability in paddy fields and forested land, and relatively higher in urban land and rocky land. (3) The analysis of 169 key restoration areas in Helan Mountain of Ningxia showed that 140 of them were severely fragile and 21 were extremely fragile, including Rujigou mine area where coal fire spontaneous combustion was serious. The research can provide data support and decision support for ecological protection and coal fire rectification of Helan Mountain in Ningxia Province.