A Frontier Shift on Unified Index Over Time: Malmquist Index for SDGs Enhancement
摘要
This chapter discusses a use of DEA-EA to measure a frontier shift over time. As discussed in Chap. 5 , most of data sets on energy and environment have usually a time series structure. The use of DEA-EA needs to incorporate a computational process which can measure the change of a shift on SDGs. In applying DEA-EA over time, we need to examine each factor component whose sum produces the shift of an efficiency frontier among different periods. A unique feature of the proposed assessment proposed in this chapter is that it incorporates a framework of “Malmquist index” to examine the frontier shift among different periods. The frontier shift indicates a technology progress and/or a managerial effort for SDGs enhancement during observed periods. The computational process is different from that of Chap. 5 which measures a change of unified efficiency or index measures. Meanwhile, this chapter measures a frontier change, not such an efficiency/index change, among different periods. To attain the measurement, we conceptually separate a proposed unified index due to the frontier shift into six subcomponents. Then, we further divide them into twelve different subcomponents (= 6 subcomponents × 2 disposability concepts) under natural or managerial disposability. Thus, this chapter provides a new type of “SDGs decomposition” due to the frontier shift among different periods.