To study the electromagnetic temperature field and mechanical vibration characteristics of transformers, simulation analysis and vibration tests were conducted on a 10 kV oil transformer prototype. Firstly, a electromagnetic field and temperature simulation model of the transformer was established, with a maximum temperature rise of 11.9 ℃ and a highest temperature of 31.9 ℃, the lowest temperature is 24.2 ℃. The maximum temperature range is centered around the B-phase core column and core window. Then establish a mechanical vibration model of the transformer, combined with solid-state electromagnetic simulation. The amplitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic core is 1.79T, and the three-phase vibration accelerations of the ABC vibration of the magnetic core are 0.0041 m/s2, 0.008 m/s2 and 0.0042 m/s2, respectively. Finally, a magnetostrictive acquisition platform for the transformer core was constructed, followed by a vacuum vibration signal, which resulted in vibration accelerations of 0.0042 m/s2 and the two-phase ratio of AB core is 0.008 m/s2. Compare the simulation results with test results of the same numerical size.