The Belt and Road Initiative (BRIThe Belt and Road Initiative (BRI))Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), introduced by ChinaSDG Finance Taxonomy (China) in 2013, represents one of the mostMinistry of Science and Technology (MoST) ambitious global infrastructure projects in modern history. As a development strategy, it aims to enhance connectivity and economic integration across Asia, Europe, and Africa through investments in infrastructure, trade, and cultural exchange. Italy’s participation in the BRIBelt and Road Initiative (BRI), signed in 2019 during my tenure as Undersecretary of State at the Ministry of Economic Development, marked a significant milestone as Italy became the first G7G7 country to endorse the initiative formally. While my decision generated significant international and domestic attention, much of the debate has been clouded by ideological positions and political slogans, with insufficient focus on empirical evidence. This chapter seeks to clarify the rationale for Italy’s decision to join the BRIBelt and Road Initiative (BRI), address criticisms, and counter arguments for its withdrawal under Prime Minister MeloniPrime Minister Meloni.