This chapter explores the performative and symbolic significance of laughter in Teyyam, particularly through the embodiments of Pottan and Ucchitta. It examines how laughter functions as a tool of disfiguration, challenging and reconfiguring dominant social narratives related to caste, disability, gender, and divinity. Through the subversive use of laughter, Teyyam performances not only critique entrenched hierarchies but also open up a space for resistance and transformation. The chapter focuses on the layered performance of Pottan Teyyam, where laughter marks the performer’s transition across caste, animality, disability, and gender, underscoring the disfigured and divine nature of the character. In contrast, Ucchitta Teyyam, with its emphasis on feminine embodiment and domesticity, deploys laughter to negotiate agency within the patriarchal structures of Teyyam culture. Through ethnographic accounts, performance analysis, and mythical narratives, the chapter articulates laughter as a site of embodied critique, where pain, mockery, and spiritual expression intersect. By theorizing disfiguration through laughter, it foregrounds how ritual performance operates as a critical space of negotiation for those positioned at the margins of caste and gendered identities.

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Laughing Teyyam: Caste, Disability and Gender

  • Akhila Vimal C.

摘要

This chapter explores the performative and symbolic significance of laughter in Teyyam, particularly through the embodiments of Pottan and Ucchitta. It examines how laughter functions as a tool of disfiguration, challenging and reconfiguring dominant social narratives related to caste, disability, gender, and divinity. Through the subversive use of laughter, Teyyam performances not only critique entrenched hierarchies but also open up a space for resistance and transformation. The chapter focuses on the layered performance of Pottan Teyyam, where laughter marks the performer’s transition across caste, animality, disability, and gender, underscoring the disfigured and divine nature of the character. In contrast, Ucchitta Teyyam, with its emphasis on feminine embodiment and domesticity, deploys laughter to negotiate agency within the patriarchal structures of Teyyam culture. Through ethnographic accounts, performance analysis, and mythical narratives, the chapter articulates laughter as a site of embodied critique, where pain, mockery, and spiritual expression intersect. By theorizing disfiguration through laughter, it foregrounds how ritual performance operates as a critical space of negotiation for those positioned at the margins of caste and gendered identities.