In this paper, refer to the test environment of heating experiments, establish a finite element model, apply boundaries and load conditions, and analyze the thermodynamic coupling of thermal protection system (TPS) under aerodynamic heat flow. Firstly, the thermophysical properties of TPS were verified and calibrated by using the heating experiments in the literature. The experimental environment comprises: arcjet wind tunnel, infrared lamp facility; Then, a finite element model was established and the thermal-mechanical coupling analysis under aerodynamic heat flow was carried out. Finally, the expected risk of the aircraft is analyzed, and the structural design of TPS is carried out according to the temperature and stress distribution.