The increasing frequency and severity of disasters caused by climate change have become a significant management risk for farmers, potentially affecting their future operations. On the other hand, adaptation measures offer a way to mitigate these risks. This study uses structural equation modeling to explore how factors such as past disaster experiences, years of farming, and search for successors influence farmers’ decisions to adopt adaptation measures. The findings show that the challenge of finding a successor and dealing with heat stress increases management risks for rice farmers. As a result, these farmers are more likely to register as certified farmers or adopt adaptation strategies, such as switching to heat-tolerant crops. Conversely, heavy rain and typhoons increase vegetable farmers’ management risks. In response, these farmers prefer implementing adaptation measures like adjusting water volume and temperature, introducing heat-tolerant vegetable varieties, or switching to other heat-tolerant crops.