Integration of Biophilic Design Principles in Development Control Regulations: A Case of Educational and Office Building in India
摘要
Biophilic design connects built environments with nature, fostering a symbiotic relationship that benefits both humans and the planet. In an era marked by rapid urbanization, environmental degradation, and a growing disconnect between humans and the natural world, the integration of biophilic strategies in building design has emerged as a promising solution. Biophilia has gained significant attention as it not only reduces the ecological footprint of buildings but also enhances human well-being and productivity. The incorporation of biophilic elements into architectural designs seeks to create harmonious environments that reconnect occupants with nature and blurs the boundaries between outdoor and indoor areas. However, despite the potential benefits, the practical implementation of biophilic strategies within building design presents a series of complex challenges that need to be addressed. Therefore, this chapter attempts to identify the challenges in integrating biophilic principles in building design, assess the benefits of integration of biophilic design in an educational and office typology, and explore the possibilities of integrating biophilia in development regulations in India. Firstly, a questionnaire survey was conducted to understand the user perceptions and identify the challenges faced by the design professionals in integrating biophilic principles. Then, the benefits of integrating biophilic principles in building design are assessed through case studies in institutional and office buildings. Further, the integration of biophilia in building regulations is explored through assessment of development control codes in various cities in India and abroad. The study revealed that users prefer to have a close connection with nature by integrating medium-density green wall, indoor plants, wooden furnishings and wall colors in the educational environment. The major challenges identified include lack of awareness among clients regarding biophilic design and its associated benefits, and insufficient research data supporting the tangible benefits and effectiveness of biophilic design. The study also found that an increase of 30% green plot ratio enhanced the outdoor thermal comfort by reducing the MRT by 22.94 °C and PET by 4.25 °C in an office building and the vegetated roofs, reduced the PET and MRT by 17 °C and 43 °C respectively. The findings of the study demonstrated positive benefits of integrating biophilia in building regulations in India as practiced in countries like Singapore, Denmark, etc., thus paving way toward achieving the goals of SDG 11 (Sustainable cities and communities).