Cooling energy demand would significantly increase if the earth were too warm by 1.5 to 2.0 ℃, which is what is predicted. The world has taken initiatives to reduce this global warming. Simultaneously, India has also taken measures to reduce its GHG emissions, especially in the building sector. This is of significance because as a developing country, the demand for new buildings is on a steady rise. The sustainability issues taken by the world and also by India are discussed in a chronological sequence. Of much significance is the discussion, policies, and regulations pertaining to ‘cooling’. India lies on the Tropics, much like many of the developing countries, and therefore, it is important to strategize passive ‘cooling’. The sustainable development goal is another significant force to develop policies and strategies in India. The importance given to ‘Cooling’ in the sustainable development goals is also discussed. Passive strategies to bring outdoor and indoor thermal cooling are of utmost importance in the Indian context, as it can significantly reduce the load on air conditioners and thus reduce global warming. Field-based studies of thermal performance by use of passive strategies such as the use of vernacular building materials, low-carbon sequestered materials, biophilic architecture, vernacular buildings, assessment of CO2 emissions, and reduction in embodied energy form the main crux of this book.