Land use and land cover (LULC) change serves as an essential indicator of human land utilization patterns in a region, playing a pivotal role in natural resource conservation. The escalating global demand for food and bioenergy, coupled with LULC change, has raised significant environmental concerns related to global warming and climate change (CC). Increasing scientific evidence underscores the predominant role of anthropic activities in driving profound changes in LULC on a global scale. Major drivers of LULC changes encompass agricultural expansion, policy modifications, population pressure, land scarcity, and biophysical factors. Concomitantly, the consequences of such changes include CC impacts, loss of biodiversity, exhaustion of forest resources, habitat modification, decreased water quality and availability, and reductions in crop yields. Thus, the study of global land use patterns assumes paramount significance in addressing global CC and fostering sustainable development. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the LULC change, its classification, and drivers of LULC changes. It discusses the environmental consequences of such changes and their impact on natural resources, ecosystem services, and the global climate. It also underscores the imperative need to formulate scientifically informed land use policies to attain sustainability objectives, socioeconomic development, and natural resource conservation.