The changing frequency and severity of climate change (CC) have impacts on water security and agriculture, thwarting the implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Agriculture, the most climate-sensitive sector among others, covers the major land area of habitable area and contributes to ecosystem functioning. Globally, agriculture crops (maize, wheat, rice, and soyabean) were the most vulnerable to production loss events as compared to others such as livestock, fisheries, and aquaculture between 1980 and 2010. Around half of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) has been releasing from affluent countries or Global North. Despite the fact of high agriculture potential of Global South, heatwave, drought, and floods are hitting hard the agriculture and are more negative to developing world as compared to Global North. Nature-based solutions (NbS) is a cost-effective technique, and climate smart agriculture (CSA) is a holistic and integrated approach synergized by artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to boost the adaptation and mitigation strategies. In the Global North, particularly in North America, and similarly in Africa and Asia, countries are at the forefront of implementing adaptation and climate mitigation strategies in agriculture. Institutionalization and adoption of NbS and CSA in policies at regional and national levels are urgent to meet the global food demand by 2050.