The Insect Intelligent Building (I2B) platform is a distributed information processing system based on a microenvironment network. To solve optimization problems in microenvironments using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, this paper designs the information exchange strategy of the PSO algorithm in microenvironments. It optimizes the particle velocity and position updating mechanism to propose the Microenvironment-based Particle Swarm Optimization (MPSO) algorithm. In the microenvironment network, the information exchange strategy is used for collaborative computation among microenvironments, which can simultaneously solve a given optimization problem, thus generating multiple candidate optimal solutions and finally determining the optimal solution. The experimental results indicate that the MPSO algorithm proposed in this paper can solve the optimization problem more efficiently.