The emergence of unique materials resulted from continued advances and the development of nanofiller and its composites which have various applications in many fields. Nanofillers are lighter and biodegradable, with thermal and conductive stability and gas barrier properties. They enhance the properties and environmental conditions by making them suitable for various applications. Many researchers have demonstrated that nanofillers have enormous promise in many applications such as drug delivery, water filtration, energy storage, protective clothing, and current medical and healthcare difficulties. This chapter highlights nanofillers and their composites in biomedical and healthcare fields. Silica, clay, nanocellulose, and carbon nanofillers are highly attractive for various biomedical industries. This chapter summarizes recent studies in nanofillers for tissue-engineered scaffolds, wound healing, biosensors and health monitoring systems, blood purification systems, gene therapy or gene silencing, and biomedical devices and implants. Combining nanofillers can improve tissue-engineered scaffolds’ tensile strength, flexibility, and stiffness. Concerning wound healing and skin care, they offer a lot of potential that help with wound healing. In biosensors, the development of natural nanofillers reinforced composites as strain biosensors. Finally, for biomedical devices, the biodegradability of nanofillers may lead to the development of high-performance biomedical devices. In addition, various perspectives are recommended for future research. Nanofillers have been investigated to improve bio-based composite materials in the biomedical industry so that they can perform more tasks and accomplish more medical advances.