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With the advent of nanotechnology in the twentieth century, a surge in this field of science and technology has been observed. Nanomaterials due to their extraordinary physical, chemical, electrical, and optical properties have generated great interest among researchers. Environmental, human health and safety have become paramount criteria among the researchers as with the development of new technology comes new challenges. So, it becomes imperative to understand the impact of nanoparticles as fillers on human health and the environment before using them. In this regard to determine their toxicological properties and to understand their physical and chemical behaviors, parameter like particle size, crystal structure, surface composition, surface reactivity, and purity has to be studied. Nanofillers find many applications in today’s world like in energy storage, biomedical, pharmaceuticals, food packaging, agriculture, aerospace, radiation shielding, etc. High atomic number-based metal/metal compound nanofillers incorporated in polymers and ceramics are used for shielding high-energy ionizing radiations (X-rays, Gamma-rays, Neutrons) in hospitals, radio isotope industries, nuclear industries, etc., in the form of apparels (e.g., aprons, gonad shield, etc.) and building structure materials (e.g., bricks, tiles, etc.). The developed materials also help to replace the toxic, carcinogenic lead-based materials which are commercially used to shield high-energy X-rays and gamma-rays. Metal oxide nanofillers like TiO2-, ZnO-, CuO-, Ag-based polymer composites are used as antiviral and antibacterial material for food packaging, wound dressing, and other biomedical applications. Carbon-based nanoparticles and other metal/metal oxide nanoparticles have been used as fillers for developing air ventilation systems, as well as water filtration membranes as they can adsorb several health-threatening and environmental pollutants from air and water. This chapter provides a detailed overview of the variety of nanofillers, their characteristic features, and their applications in the field of environment, health, and safety issues.

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Challenges of Nanofillers in Environment, Legislation, Health, and Safety

  • 工具书词条

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Abhijit Bijanu,
  • Gaurav Rajak,
  • Rini Paulose

摘要

With the advent of nanotechnology in the twentieth century, a surge in this field of science and technology has been observed. Nanomaterials due to their extraordinary physical, chemical, electrical, and optical properties have generated great interest among researchers. Environmental, human health and safety have become paramount criteria among the researchers as with the development of new technology comes new challenges. So, it becomes imperative to understand the impact of nanoparticles as fillers on human health and the environment before using them. In this regard to determine their toxicological properties and to understand their physical and chemical behaviors, parameter like particle size, crystal structure, surface composition, surface reactivity, and purity has to be studied. Nanofillers find many applications in today’s world like in energy storage, biomedical, pharmaceuticals, food packaging, agriculture, aerospace, radiation shielding, etc. High atomic number-based metal/metal compound nanofillers incorporated in polymers and ceramics are used for shielding high-energy ionizing radiations (X-rays, Gamma-rays, Neutrons) in hospitals, radio isotope industries, nuclear industries, etc., in the form of apparels (e.g., aprons, gonad shield, etc.) and building structure materials (e.g., bricks, tiles, etc.). The developed materials also help to replace the toxic, carcinogenic lead-based materials which are commercially used to shield high-energy X-rays and gamma-rays. Metal oxide nanofillers like TiO2-, ZnO-, CuO-, Ag-based polymer composites are used as antiviral and antibacterial material for food packaging, wound dressing, and other biomedical applications. Carbon-based nanoparticles and other metal/metal oxide nanoparticles have been used as fillers for developing air ventilation systems, as well as water filtration membranes as they can adsorb several health-threatening and environmental pollutants from air and water. This chapter provides a detailed overview of the variety of nanofillers, their characteristic features, and their applications in the field of environment, health, and safety issues.