In recent years, bioactive materials are becoming a ubiquitous choice in various biomedical and technical fields. Many studies are being done with the aim to develop bioactive material by introducing nanofillers. Nanocomposite biomaterials are a new class of materials that incorporates bioactivity and easily resorbable nanosized fillers into the biopolymer matrix structure. Nanocomposite biomaterials are receiving wide recognition mainly because of its biodegradability which makes it eco-friendly. The nanofillers are mainly used to enhance some properties like conductivity, mechanical strength, and optical properties of the composite materials. More and more researches are now focusing on the advancement of nanocomposite biomaterials due to the desired properties that is applicable in the medical field, food packaging industry, manufacture of coatings, thin film making, etc. Bioactive materials have the capacity to interact with living tissues or systems. This book chapter aims to provide better understanding to the nanofillers in bioactive materials by quoting the different types of bioactive materials and nanofillers and their applications.