The advent of the big data era has brought the biggest impact on education work is the use of all kinds of information technology in education work. The use of information technology can significantly improve the quality of teaching, promote the training of talents and promote the development of information technology. The article briefly introduces the necessity and superiority of the application of information technology in teaching, and analyzes the practical use of information technology in education, hoping to provide some reference for China’s information technology teaching. This paper discusses a personalized teaching path optimization model based on the ant colony algorithm, setting variables related to students’ knowledge level, learning preference, difficulty of the target learning task, and matching degree of the learning task to the students, and then seeking the optimal teaching path through the ant colony algorithm, with the aim of helping the students to complete the learning task efficiently. Finally, the superiority of the personalized teaching path optimization model constructed in this paper is verified through experiments (the running time of the collaborative filtering algorithm and the ant colony algorithm varies less, the running time of the collaborative filtering algorithm is maintained in the range of 1.0–1.5, and that of the ant colony algorithm is in the range of 0.1–0.9).