Haploid cells have a gametophytic chromosomal number, and a doubled haploid results from chromosome doubling in haploid cells. Doubled haploid breeding can help advance traditional plant breeding programs and is useful in areas of genetics, genetic engineering, and plant breeding research. Though there are other ways to create doubled haploid, anther culture is the most popular and commonly used and is the successful method for the rapid recovery of pre-established breeding lines. Anther culture has been established in a wide range of plant species. Different factors such as plant growth conditions, physiology and age of donor plant, genotype, developmental stage of floral bud and anther, pretreatment, culture medium composition, phytohormones, sucrose, and culture environment affect the anther culture efficiency and green plant regeneration. Genotype and pretreatment play a crucial role in the anther culture technology. This chapter examines the various haploid production methods, paying particular attention to in vitro anther culture methods of establishment and factors affecting anther culture response in plants.