The current state of education for children with deaf and hard-of-hearing in Japan (e.g., schools for the Deaf, classes for special needs education (for hard-of-hearing students), cochlear implants, sign language, and current state of language development) will be described. In addition, focusing on the early stage of the language development process, which is an important period in terms of Deaf and hard-of-hearing children acquiring literacy, good practical examples will introduce current based objective data.