A brand-new “Semiconductor and Liquid Assisted Photothermal Effect (SLAPE)” solar panel technology invented by the author of this book is described here. The (i) design, (ii) current status, (iii) working principle, (iv) science governing this new SLAPE solar panel technology, (v) materials involved in it, (vi) the amount of heat-energy generated out of sunlight by using silicon photovoltaic (SPV) cells (semiconducting material) employed in conjunction with γ-butyrolactone (a stable organic solvent with an electrochemical stability window of 7 V), (vii) the results of the initial experiments conducted with the help of custom manufactured proto-type solar panel to prove the Proof of Concept (PoC) of SLAPE technology, etc., have been presented and discussed along this chapter. The complete development of these brand new SLAPE solar panels is a must to avoid the dangers associated with the “silicon photovoltaic cell (SPVC)” solar panels that are causing a million times higher global warming when compared with the equivalent CO2 gas present in the atmosphere with a concentration of about 421 ppm (i.e., 0.0421%) (Gärtner in Phys Rev 122:419–424, 1961; Lorenzi et al. in J Mater Eng Perform 27:6291–6298, 2018; https://www.pveducation.org/pvcdrom/modules-and-arrays/heat-generation-in-pv-modules ; Ganesh in Discover Sustainability 5(1:179), 1–20, 2024; Liu et al. in Sol Energy 85:922–930, 2011; Zhu et al. in Solar Energy Mater Solar Cells 94:133–140, 2010; Jackson et al. in Appl Optics 20:1333–1344, 1981; https://www.kanthal.com/en/products/furnace-products/electric-heating-elements/ ; Colli et al. in Mater 12, 2019; Hogan et al. in Nano Lett 14:4640–4645, 2014; Chou et al. in J Phys Chem B 109:11135–11138, 2005; Jiang et al. in J Phys Chem C 117:27073–27080, 2013; (a) Ganesh in A device and method for converting sunlight into heat energy using semiconducting materials immersed in a stable organic solvent for electricity generation, (b) Ganesh in Practicable artificial photosynthesis: the only option available today for humankind to make energy, environment, economy and life sustainable on Earth, 1–716; (c) Ganesh in Pakistan J Life Soc Sci 22(2), 9942–9965, 2024). The SPVC solar panels today available in the market generate electricity with less than 20% efficiency and heat energy with more than 30% efficiency. The beneficial effects of the SPVC solar panels are compensated by the excess 10% waste heat generated by them that is being released into the atmosphere today across the globe ( https://www.pveducation.org/pvcdrom/modules-and-arrays/heat-generation-in-pv-modules ; Ganesh in Discover Sustain 5(1:179), 1–20; (a) Ganesh in A device and method for converting sunlight into heat energy using semiconducting materials immersed in a stable organic solvent for electricity generation; (b) Ganesh in Practicable artificial photosynthesis: the only option available today for humankind to make energy, environment, economy and life sustainable on Earth, 1–716; (c) Ganesh in Pakistan J Life Soc Sci 22(2), 9942–9965, 2024). Not only the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is a million times lower but also its sunlight absorbing ability is several thousand times lower than that of Si present in the SPVC solar panels. This is the reason, why the conventional SPVC solar panels cause a million times higher global warming in comparison to the equivalent CO2 gas present in the atmosphere. To avoid the dangers of the SPVC solar panels, either they have to be banned completely, their heat energy has to be trapped and used for the beneficial purposes of the society, or any alternate safe SLAPE solar panels have to be developed fully (Gärtner in Phys Rev 122:419–424, 1961; Lorenzi et al. in J Mater Eng Perform 27:6291–6298, 2018; https://www.pveducation.org/pvcdrom/modules-and-arrays/heat-generation-in-pv-modules ; Ganesh in Discover Sustainability 5(1:179), 1–20, 2024; Liu et al. in Sol Energy 85:922–930, 2011; Zhu et al. in Solar Energy Mater Solar Cells 94:133–140, 2010; Jackson et al. in Appl Optics 20:1333–1344, 1981; https://www.kanthal.com/en/products/furnace-products/electric-heating-elements/ ; Colli et al. in Mater 12, 2019; Hogan et al. in Nano Lett 14:4640–4645, 2014; Chou et al. in J Phys Chem B 109:11135–11138, 2005; Jiang et al. in J Phys Chem C 117:27073–27080, 2013; (a) Ganesh in A device and method for converting sunlight into heat energy using semiconducting materials immersed in a stable organic solvent for electricity generation, (b) Ganesh in Practicable artificial photosynthesis: the only option available today for humankind to make energy, environment, economy and life sustainable on Earth, 1–716; (c) Ganesh in Pakistan J Life Soc Sci 22(2), 9942–9965, 2024). The measures to be taken to increase the efficiency of the SLAPE solar panels so that they can replace the conventional SPVC solar panels have also been discussed in this chapter (Ganesh in Discover Sustain 5(1:179), 1–20; (a) Ganesh in A device and method for converting sunlight into heat energy using semiconducting materials immersed in a stable organic solvent for electricity generation; (b) Ganesh in Practicable artificial photosynthesis: the only option available today for humankind to make energy, environment, economy and life sustainable on Earth, 1–716; (c) Ganesh in Pakistan J Life Soc Sci 22(2), 9942–9965, 2024).

New SLAPE Solar Panels to Replace the Conventional Silicon Photovoltaic Cell (SPVC) Solar Panels

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发表日期：

2025年

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Ibram Ganesh

摘要

A brand-new “Semiconductor and Liquid Assisted Photothermal Effect (SLAPE)” solar panel technology invented by the author of this book is described here. The (i) design, (ii) current status, (iii) working principle, (iv) science governing this new SLAPE solar panel technology, (v) materials involved in it, (vi) the amount of heat-energy generated out of sunlight by using silicon photovoltaic (SPV) cells (semiconducting material) employed in conjunction with γ-butyrolactone (a stable organic solvent with an electrochemical stability window of 7 V), (vii) the results of the initial experiments conducted with the help of custom manufactured proto-type solar panel to prove the Proof of Concept (PoC) of SLAPE technology, etc., have been presented and discussed along this chapter. The complete development of these brand new SLAPE solar panels is a must to avoid the dangers associated with the “silicon photovoltaic cell (SPVC)” solar panels that are causing a million times higher global warming when compared with the equivalent CO2 gas present in the atmosphere with a concentration of about 421 ppm (i.e., 0.0421%) (Gärtner in Phys Rev 122:419–424, 1961; Lorenzi et al. in J Mater Eng Perform 27:6291–6298, 2018; https://www.pveducation.org/pvcdrom/modules-and-arrays/heat-generation-in-pv-modules ; Ganesh in Discover Sustainability 5(1:179), 1–20, 2024; Liu et al. in Sol Energy 85:922–930, 2011; Zhu et al. in Solar Energy Mater Solar Cells 94:133–140, 2010; Jackson et al. in Appl Optics 20:1333–1344, 1981; https://www.kanthal.com/en/products/furnace-products/electric-heating-elements/ ; Colli et al. in Mater 12, 2019; Hogan et al. in Nano Lett 14:4640–4645, 2014; Chou et al. in J Phys Chem B 109:11135–11138, 2005; Jiang et al. in J Phys Chem C 117:27073–27080, 2013; (a) Ganesh in A device and method for converting sunlight into heat energy using semiconducting materials immersed in a stable organic solvent for electricity generation, (b) Ganesh in Practicable artificial photosynthesis: the only option available today for humankind to make energy, environment, economy and life sustainable on Earth, 1–716; (c) Ganesh in Pakistan J Life Soc Sci 22(2), 9942–9965, 2024). The SPVC solar panels today available in the market generate electricity with less than 20% efficiency and heat energy with more than 30% efficiency. The beneficial effects of the SPVC solar panels are compensated by the excess 10% waste heat generated by them that is being released into the atmosphere today across the globe ( https://www.pveducation.org/pvcdrom/modules-and-arrays/heat-generation-in-pv-modules ; Ganesh in Discover Sustain 5(1:179), 1–20; (a) Ganesh in A device and method for converting sunlight into heat energy using semiconducting materials immersed in a stable organic solvent for electricity generation; (b) Ganesh in Practicable artificial photosynthesis: the only option available today for humankind to make energy, environment, economy and life sustainable on Earth, 1–716; (c) Ganesh in Pakistan J Life Soc Sci 22(2), 9942–9965, 2024). Not only the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is a million times lower but also its sunlight absorbing ability is several thousand times lower than that of Si present in the SPVC solar panels. This is the reason, why the conventional SPVC solar panels cause a million times higher global warming in comparison to the equivalent CO2 gas present in the atmosphere. To avoid the dangers of the SPVC solar panels, either they have to be banned completely, their heat energy has to be trapped and used for the beneficial purposes of the society, or any alternate safe SLAPE solar panels have to be developed fully (Gärtner in Phys Rev 122:419–424, 1961; Lorenzi et al. in J Mater Eng Perform 27:6291–6298, 2018; https://www.pveducation.org/pvcdrom/modules-and-arrays/heat-generation-in-pv-modules ; Ganesh in Discover Sustainability 5(1:179), 1–20, 2024; Liu et al. in Sol Energy 85:922–930, 2011; Zhu et al. in Solar Energy Mater Solar Cells 94:133–140, 2010; Jackson et al. in Appl Optics 20:1333–1344, 1981; https://www.kanthal.com/en/products/furnace-products/electric-heating-elements/ ; Colli et al. in Mater 12, 2019; Hogan et al. in Nano Lett 14:4640–4645, 2014; Chou et al. in J Phys Chem B 109:11135–11138, 2005; Jiang et al. in J Phys Chem C 117:27073–27080, 2013; (a) Ganesh in A device and method for converting sunlight into heat energy using semiconducting materials immersed in a stable organic solvent for electricity generation, (b) Ganesh in Practicable artificial photosynthesis: the only option available today for humankind to make energy, environment, economy and life sustainable on Earth, 1–716; (c) Ganesh in Pakistan J Life Soc Sci 22(2), 9942–9965, 2024). The measures to be taken to increase the efficiency of the SLAPE solar panels so that they can replace the conventional SPVC solar panels have also been discussed in this chapter (Ganesh in Discover Sustain 5(1:179), 1–20; (a) Ganesh in A device and method for converting sunlight into heat energy using semiconducting materials immersed in a stable organic solvent for electricity generation; (b) Ganesh in Practicable artificial photosynthesis: the only option available today for humankind to make energy, environment, economy and life sustainable on Earth, 1–716; (c) Ganesh in Pakistan J Life Soc Sci 22(2), 9942–9965, 2024).