This chapter covers different aspects of wastewater treatment, which is a global challenge in the sustainable industry due to extreme volumes of wastewater produced along with various contaminants by industrial activities. Therefore, an assessment of pollutant removal techniques and environmental acceptability is required. Bioremediation using various groups of microorganisms has become an innovative approach that utilizes their microbial capacities to improve the wastewater quality and remove toxic compounds from industrial wastewater. Herein, it was mentioned a range of bioremediation strategies, from aerobic to anaerobic processes, following foundational principles, bioremediation, and emphasizing the significant role of microorganisms, particularly bacteria in pollutant removal. Furthermore, it has investigated the effectiveness, challenges, and potential bioremediation applications in various industrial wastewaters. This chapter also provides insight for policymakers, engineers, and researchers who focus on sustainable wastewater treatment procedures and propose approaches to thriving ecosystems and more eco-friendly industrial processes.