Polar regions hold significant strategic value, and a reliable navigation method in these regions is a necessary prerequisite for their development. Due to its characteristics of complete autonomy and continuous and comprehensive navigation information output, inertial navigation is the preferred choice for polar navigation. Currently, there are many navigation methods applicable to polar regions, but the theoretical and experimental studies on the applicability of the north-seeking strapdown inertial navigation system in polar regions are not sufficient. This paper divides the polar navigation issues of the north-seeking strapdown inertial navigation system into two parts: navigation information output methods and mechanical arrangement methods, and proposes to analyze these two parts separately. For the problem of navigation information output method, this paper proves that the geographic coordinate system has a large error when outputting navigation information in the polar region through formula derivation, which is not conducive to information representation. However, the change of the navigation information output method does not affect the navigation results. Therefore, the problem of the mechanical arrangement of the north-seeking strapdown inertial guidance system can be analyzed in the case of using other polar coordinate systems to output navigation information. Finally, the previous conclusions are proved by simulation experiments.