In the present scenario, environmental pollution is a major issue resulting in the daily increase of pollutants. Major anthropogenic activities are responsible for releasing pollutants into the surroundings. Several conventional methods were employed to minimize the toxic levels of pollutants, though the function is not highly appreciable. The application of nanomaterials has been grabbing attention for decades due to the properties of their size, reactivity, and volume. Nanocomposites of carbohydrate polymers act as an efficient tool for environmental remediation. Cellulose, chitosan, and starch are carbohydrate polymers that are abundantly available as they are renewable and biodegradable in nature. The synthesis of carbohydrate-based nano composites performs a significant role in environmental remediation as they have a high adsorption capacity to remove pollutants and can be easily functionalized due to their affinity to the specific pollutants. This chapter will focus mainly on the usability of nanocomposites of carbohydrate polymers in treating several hazardous pollutants. This chapter also gives a glance at the usability and longevity of nanocomposites. It summarizes the application of these composites as exceptional adsorbents for removing pollutants and contaminants from the environment. The cost–effectiveness, availability, and commendable properties of these carbohydrate nanocomposites made them exceptional remediators.