Carbohydrate-based nanomaterials are increasingly recognized for their precise delivery, quicker, and cheaper treatment in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics, with the addition of metal nanomaterials enhancing their imaging properties. Researchers are developing new bio-based nanomaterials by fabricating and characterizing carbohydrate composites, enhancing their targeting, imaging properties, and drug delivery capabilities. At first, this chapter describes the fundamental aspects, potential advantages and disadvantages of various existing treatment methods. Then it explores the usage and development of carbohydrate-based nanomaterials in targeted therapy in terms of photodynamic therapy, hyperthermia, and magnetic-aided therapy. Besides this, various types of imaging techniques could help in the visualization of tumor location and monitor photothermal agent accumulation in tumors. These functions guide the therapeutics in real-time accumulation process for the enhancement of therapeutic efficiency and reducing side effects while providing valuable insights. Nanotechnology-based magnetic particles offer advantages in hyperthermia, photodynamic therapies, and cancer imaging. When combined with carbohydrate-based materials, they offer wonderful opportunities in the targeted delivery, due to the targetable moieties. This chapter defines the use of carbohydrate-based nanomaterials in the aspects of cancer treatment along with cancer imaging.