Every living thing on Earth needs clean water and a pure environment to survive. Thus, fast industrial and human activity releases large amounts of organic pollutants into the environment, endangering living things. Pharmaceuticals release biphenyl, phenols, nitro phenols, benzofurans, –Cl, –Br substituted cyclohexane; pesticides release DDT, endrin, aldrin; dyes release rhodamine B, methylene blue, methyl orange, and other dyes; cosmetic and plastic industries release cosmetic and plastic impurities. These organic pollutants have been extensively examined and found to cause cancer, genetic mutations, and birth problems at low concentrations. To meet the growing demand for clean water, industrial effluent waste must be recycled. It cannot be used for agriculture or added to river water. This chapter focuses on using carbohydrate polymer nanocomposite materials to remove organic contaminants from wastewater. Nanocomposite components in carbohydrate polymers increase mechanical strength, simplify manufacture, stabilize, and recycle. Cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, chitosan, and polyurethane are not easily soluble using standard techniques despite their high functionality and substantial hydrogen bonding. Therefore, it is very important to support the creation and growth of inorganic nanomaterial phases inside carbohydrate polymers, which introduce active groups and create new properties. A plentiful and adaptable raw ingredient for biopolymers, carbohydrates are widely known. Carbohydrate nanocomposite can be made into pellets, nanofibrous structures, films, hydrogels, and aerogels. These materials might purify wastewater.