This paper analyses the national government’s capacity for drought risk adaptation in Thailand, emphasizing national laws, regulations, and insights from a national expert workshop on drought risk management conducted in February 2022. Over the past two decades, Thailand has witnessed a significant rise in the occurrence, severity, and magnitude of drought phenomena, largely due to natural climate variability. The effects and vulnerabilities of drought were particularly pronounced during the periods of 2015–2016 and 2019–2020. Additionally, the Vegetation Health Index (VHI) values recorded in March 2020 ranged between 0.15 and 0.85. This paper elucidates the components of drought risk adaptation and management, detailing the roles of various ministries and departments overseeing water resources, and drought risk management in Thailand. As drought impacts span multiple sectors, the success of national government initiatives and action plans largely depend on the coordination of national implementing agencies. It is imperative for these agencies to maintain close communication and cooperation during the execution of national strategies for drought adaptation.